Jiji-Mulembwe espoir ou illusion ?
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Jiji-Mulembwe espoir ou illusion ?

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Jiji-Mulembwe espoir ou illusion ?

49,5MW de puissance installée, c’est l’énergie attendue du projet hydroélectrique Jiji et Mulembwe aux échéances contractuelles initiales de fin décembre 2023 pour les marchés des aménagements hydroélectriques, des postes et des lignes associés. Les aménagements hydroélectriques de Jiji et Mulembwe consistent en une sous-composante principale constituée de différents ouvrages en cours de construction : les barrages, les dessableurs, les tunnels, les conduites forcées et les centrales. Les ouvrages au pluriel insinuent les doublons d’ouvrages qui s’érigent parallèlement sur les deux rivières Jiji et Mulembwe avant leur confluence pour devenir la grande Mulembwe qui se jette dans le lac Tanganyika. De toutes façons, les ouvrages érigés séparément sur les deux rivières forment un ensemble dans un seul projet dit Jiji et Mulembwe.  A voir l’état d’avancement des travaux à 9 mois des échéances, extensibles peut-être, une lueur d’espoir enflamme les esprits positifs là où les pessimistes pensent que les attentes du  projet seraient une illusion, du moins pour un proche avenir. Wait and see !

Les barrages et les dessableurs

Sur la rivière Jiji, les travaux de construction du barrage se trouvent actuellement à un stade avancé après des études minutieuses et un long processus de renforcement des assises du barrage en dessous des fondations appelé « get grouting » en termes techniques du chantier. Ce sont des injections de béton ayant pour objet de renforcer le sous-sol en roche discontinue ou altéré afin de s’assurer que les ouvrages reposent sur des bases solides. L’on peut contempler le mur du barrage qui s’érige perpendiculairement au dessableur qui est l’ouvrage destiné à l’épuration des eaux du lac de retenue avant d’être acheminées à travers le tunnel pour turbiner les machines après la chute de la conduite forcée.

 

A la Mulembwe, charnière des provinces de Bururi et Rumonge, les travaux s’intensifient pour la construction du dessableur tandis que des efforts sont entrepris pour assainir l’entrée du tunnel à l’endroit où sera érigé le barrage en aval du dessableur. C’est une structure différente de celle de Jiji car le barrage à Mulembwe donne directement à l’entrée du tunnel contrairement à l’architecture de Jiji, ci-haut citée.

 

Les tunnels et les conduites forcées

L’excavation du tunnel de Jiji totalise les ¾ de la longueur à la mi-mars 2023 soit environ 850m sur 1100 m de gallérie excavée à partir de l’entrée et de la sortie du tunnel, tandis que le tunnel de Mulembwe est encore excavé uniquement par la sortie. Sur les deux sites des conduites forcées de Jiji et de Mulembwe, les supports maçonnés en béton armé attendent les tuyaux métalliques dont le matériel est déjà livré pour la fabrication sur site.

 

Les centrales

La construction de la powerhouse pour la centrale hydroélectrique de Jiji atteint son point culminant et s’achemine à la pause de la charpente. Cette maison servira à abriter les équipements hydroélectriques dont 3 turbines de Jiji destinées à la production des 32,5MW.

 

Les travaux s’intensifient aussi pour la construction de la centrale sur la Mulembwe avec engouement de rattraper le niveau de Jiji. Comme à Jiji, une maison, powerhouse abritera les équipements hydroélectriques dont 3 turbines pour la production de 17MW. 

Le projet hydroélectrique de Jiji et Mulembwe est un projet du  Gouvernement du Burundi, confié à la Régie de Production et de Distribution d’Eau et d’Electricité (REGIDESO) pour la mise en œuvre. Il consiste en la construction des centrales hydroélectriques sur les rivières Jiji et Mulembwe. Avec l’appui technique et financier des partenaires au développement, en l’occurrence la Banque Mondiale, l’Union Européenne, la Banque Africaine de Développement ainsi que la Banque Européenne d’Investissement, l’Etat du Burundi apporte sa part qui s’élève à 14,30 millions de dollars destinés au paiement des frais d’expropriation dans la zone du projet tandis que la REGIDESO contribue aux coûts de fonctionnement de l’Unité d’Exécution du Projet à concurrence de 2,50 millions de dollars américains. Le coût du projet est initialement estimé à 270,40 millions de dollars américains répartis respectivement à 100millions de dollars comme don de la Banque Mondiale, 36,6 millions de l’Union Européenne, 22 millions de la Banque Africaine de Développement ainsi qu’un prêt de la Banque Européenne d’Investissement d’une valeur de 95 millions de dollars américains. La production escomptée à l’aboutissement du projet est de 49,5MW de puissance installée.

 

 

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